Investigation of antibacterial activities of Chrysophyllum albidum
cotyledon and its topical cream formulation
Stella Usifoh , Upe Babaiwa Florence Eichie , Joy Agbonkonkon
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology,
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Corresponding author: Stella. Usifoh
Email: sfusifoh@uniben.edu; Phone: +234-8056226668
ABSTRACT
Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has rekindled interest on plant-derived compounds as substitutes for synthetically produced antibacterial agents.
Objective: This study determined the chemical constituent of Chrysophyllum albidum seeds, the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and its topical cream formulation.
Method: The antimicrobial activity of the seed extract was evaluated against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella using agar diffusion method. Chemical constituents were determined with GC-MS.
Results: A solid, pleasant smelling and reddish brown coloured extract with a yield of 1.4%w/v was obtained.
The extract inhibited growth of all test bacteria with an inhibitory zone diameter(IZD) of 20.3-22,5mm, while the cream had IZD between 12.5-15mm. GC-MS profile of extract showed the presence of Oleic acid 32.0%, Stearic acid19.86% and Palmitic acid 12.46% among other constituents which amounted to 35.68% of the extract.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of C. albidum seeds had antibacterial effects against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 14 chemical compounds including fatty acids; Oleic, Stearic and Palmitic acids have been
identified in the seeds. Formulation of extract into cream decreased antibacterial activity, suggestive of the
need to increase its concentration in the cream in order to achieve a favorable therapeutic effect.
Keywords: Chrysophyllum albidum, anti-bacterial activities, gentamicin, topical cream, zone of inhibition.