{"id":4497,"date":"2023-07-17T15:58:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T15:58:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/?p=4497"},"modified":"2023-07-27T16:05:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T16:05:01","slug":"west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2017-28-1-107-118","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2017-28-1-107-118\/","title":{"rendered":"West African Journal of Pharmacy (2017) 28 (1) 107-118"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Egg shell powder as a potential direct compression excipient in tablet formulation<\/b><\/p>


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Uduma Eke Osonwa, Chidozie Solomon Okoye, Sunday Okorie Abali, Onyinye J Uwaezuoke and Michael Umale Adikwu<\/span><\/p>


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1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, <\/span>Agulu Campus, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>


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2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, <\/span>University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>


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3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, <\/span>Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun state, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>


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4Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>


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Corresponding author : Uduma Osonwa<\/p>

Email: udumaosonwa@yahoo.com; Phone: +2348038733305<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Background: There is abundance of egg shells which comes as waste from the food industry. Development of\u00a0this waste into pharmaceutical excipient will have economic gain and provide alternative source of raw\u00a0<\/span>materials in tablet manufacture.<\/span><\/p>

Objective:<\/b> This work is aimed at developing eggshell powder as a direct compressible excipient in tablet\u00a0manufacture.<\/span><\/p>

Methods:<\/b> Eggshells collected as wastes from eateries in Enugu State, Nigeria were comminuted, bleached\u00a0with sodium hypochlorite, washed with water, air-dried, pulverized and sterilised by dry heat. Microbial\u00a0<\/span>counts were carried out. Heavy metal analysis was done by atomic absorption spectrometry. Avicel PH 101 for\u00a0<\/span>used as a model direct compression excipient. Mixtures of the eggshell powder and Avicel PH 101 in the ratios\u00a0<\/span>of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1 and 2:1 respectively were used in preparing ascorbic acid granules and tablets. The flow\u00a0<\/span>properties of the granules and tablet properties were evaluated. A step-wise optimisation approach was\u00a0<\/span>employed to get the batches with no defects, the least weight and content variation, least friability, hardness\u00a0<\/span>in the range of 4-7 kgf, and highest excipient dilution.<\/span><\/p>

Results:<\/b> The moisture content of the egg-shell powder was 0.68% and microbial analyses revealed compliance\u00a0with official standards. Heavy metal analysis showed Lead (0.092%), Chromium (0.332%), Copper (0.111%),\u00a0<\/span>Iron (2.690%), Cadmium (0.390%), Nickel (1.313%), Arsenic (2.988%), Mercury (0.187%), Zinc (0.705%) and\u00a0<\/span>Manganese (0.424%). The eggshell powder had better flow than avicel PH 101. The batch with the best tablet\u00a0<\/span>properties selected according to pre-set parameters above contains 30% drug bulked with 1:1 eggshell\/avicel\u00a0<\/span>pH 101 mixture.<\/span><\/p>

Conclusion: <\/b>Eggshell powder can serve as a direct compression agent in tablet manufacture.<\/p>

Keywords:<\/b> Eggshell powder, ascorbic acid, metal analysis, microbial count, direct compression, powder and\u00a0tablet properties.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Egg shell powder as a potential direct compression excipient in tablet formulation Uduma Eke Osonwa, Chidozie Solomon Okoye, Sunday Okorie Abali, Onyinye J Uwaezuoke and Michael Umale Adikwu 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Agulu Campus, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[230],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4497"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4497"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4503,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4497\/revisions\/4503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}