{"id":4520,"date":"2023-07-15T16:48:07","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T16:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/?p=4520"},"modified":"2023-07-27T16:55:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-27T16:55:39","slug":"west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2017-28-1-141-148","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2017-28-1-141-148\/","title":{"rendered":"West African Journal of Pharmacy (2017) 28 (1) 141-148"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Heavy metal content of commonly consumed herbal bitters in Ilorin, Nigeria<\/b><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Rashidat O. Ayanniyi , Samson O. Folami , Hidayah A. Olumoh-Abdul , Soliu A. Atunwa and Ibrahim A. Oreagba<\/p>

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>

2 Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Nigeria.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Corresponding author: Rashidat Ayanniyi<\/p>

Email: ayanrash13@yahoo.co.uk, Phone no. +2348033908610<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Background: The use of herbal medicines has increased in recent years and has gained much attention in the\u00a0health sectors, scientific community and the public alike. The safety and quality of these products become\u00a0<\/span>questionable even when the efficacy and potency may be guaranteed.<\/span><\/p>

Objective: <\/b>The presence of heavy metals was determined.<\/p>

Methods:<\/b> Two batches of five herbal bitters were purchased from different parts of Ilorin. Samples were\u00a0prepared from these batches and analyzed for the presence of Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe) and Lead (Pb) using\u00a0<\/span>Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Their concentrations were compared with WHO permissible limits.\u00a0<\/span>The variations in the concentration of Cd, Fe, and Pb in the two batches of samples were also determined at P<\/span>< 0.05.<\/span><\/p>

Results:<\/b> The value of Cd ranged from 0.003-0.3mg\/L, Pb 0.000-0.067mg\/L and Fe 0.083-0.27mg\/L. This study\u00a0revealed that majority of the samples contained Cd and Pb in concentrations significantly lower than the\u00a0<\/span>permissible limits. However, the two batches of herbal bitters contained Fe with concentrations significantly\u00a0<\/span>higher than the official permissible limit of 0.1mg\/L.<\/span><\/p>

Conclusion:<\/b> The results obtained from this study showed that Iron was present in all the samples with some\u00a0concentrations significantly higher than the WHO permissible limit. Lead and cadmium were present in some\u00a0<\/span>of the samples with concentrations below the WHO permissible limit.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords:<\/b> Herbal bitters, lead, cadmium, iron, atomic absorption Spectrophotometer .<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Heavy metal content of commonly consumed herbal bitters in Ilorin, Nigeria \u00a0 Rashidat O. Ayanniyi , Samson O. Folami , Hidayah A. Olumoh-Abdul , Soliu A. Atunwa and Ibrahim A. Oreagba \u00a0 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. 2 Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[230],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4520"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4520"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4526,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4520\/revisions\/4526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}