{"id":4770,"date":"2023-07-31T14:31:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-31T14:31:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/?p=4770"},"modified":"2023-07-31T14:36:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T14:36:44","slug":"west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2016-27-1-9-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2016-27-1-9-21\/","title":{"rendered":"West African Journal of Pharmacy (2016) 27 (1) 9-21"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Evaluation and validation of pictographic medication instructions in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria<\/b><\/p>

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\u00a0Oluwagbenga O. Odunfa , Felix T. Ajayi , R\u00e9gis Vaillancourt , Annie Pouliot ,\u00a0Adekunle Adediran and Tajudeen A. Lawal<\/span><\/p>

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Drug Information Service Unit Pharmaceutical Services; Federal Medical Centre,\u00a0Bisi Onabanjo Way, Idiaba, Abeokuta. PMB 1031, Shapon P. O, Abeokuta<\/span><\/p>

Director of Pharmacy, Project Coordinator- Pharmacy; Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario,\u00a0<\/span>Ottawa, Canada 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H8L1<\/span><\/p>

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Paediatric Nephrology Unit Dispensary Unit ; Federal Medical Centre, Bisi Onabanjo Way,\u00a0Idiaba, Abeokuta. PMB 1031, Shapon P.O, Abeokuta<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Corresponding author: Oluwagbenga O. Odunfa<\/p>

Email: godunfa111@gmail.com; Phone :+2348037126511<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Background: Written medication instructions are often complex for individuals with low literacy level to\u00a0comprehend. There is a need to improve communication between providers and patients. Pictograms have\u00a0<\/span>the ability to simplify medication instructions to improve medication safety, compliance, and overall health\u00a0<\/span>outcomes.<\/span><\/p>

Objectives: The study aimed to validate and evaluate a set of pictograms from the International\u00a0Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) intended to depict medication information.<\/span><\/p>

Methods: Pictogram comprehension was assessed using a \u201cguessability\u201d test. Translucency test was also\u00a0administered to numerically assess the degree to which participants associated an image to its intended\u00a0<\/span>meaning. Participants were made to undergo a \u201cREALM\u201d (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) test to\u00a0<\/span>identify their level of health literacy. Guessability was then re-assessed. Data analysis was carried out using\u00a0<\/span>averages, percentages, Chi Square test, correlational and regression statistics.<\/span><\/p>

Results: Forty ( 40) volunteers participated in the study. Mean guessability score was 84.5 \u00b1 13.7% initially\u00a0which rose to 96.3 \u00b1 5.4% on recall of pictographic instructions. The mean translucency score was 6.12 \u00b1 0.72.\u00a0<\/span>Males and adults had a non-significant higher odd ratios compared to females and teens respectively as\u00a0<\/span>regards guessability scores {1.09 (0.28-4.26, P = 0.89); 2.14 (0.38-12.03, P = 0.39)}respectively. Pictograms\u00a0<\/span>were better recognized and interpreted correctly by volunteers on verbal supplementation of the instructions,\u00a0<\/span>P = 0.000.<\/span><\/p>

Conclusion: The guessability score, though below the set threshold (\u226585%) initially however rose beyond it on\u00a0recall test. This presupposes that the pictograms will be potentially an ideal, valid and easily understood tool to\u00a0<\/span>be used for explaining medication instructions if only those instructions were verbalized.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords: Pictograms; Guessability; Translucency; REALM test; Health literacy<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Evaluation and validation of pictographic medication instructions in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria \u00a0 \u00a0Oluwagbenga O. Odunfa , Felix T. Ajayi , R\u00e9gis Vaillancourt , Annie Pouliot ,\u00a0Adekunle Adediran and Tajudeen A. Lawal \u00a0 Drug Information Service Unit Pharmaceutical Services; Federal Medical Centre,\u00a0Bisi Onabanjo Way, Idiaba, Abeokuta. PMB 1031, Shapon P. O, Abeokuta Director […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[226],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4770"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4776,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4770\/revisions\/4776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}