{"id":5119,"date":"2023-08-03T16:31:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T16:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/?p=5119"},"modified":"2023-08-05T16:45:42","modified_gmt":"2023-08-05T16:45:42","slug":"west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2014-25-2-21-30","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/west-african-journal-of-pharmacy-2014-25-2-21-30\/","title":{"rendered":"West African Journal of Pharmacy (2014) 25 (2) 21-30"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs in patients receiving therapy in a Federal teaching\u00a0<\/b>hospital Southwest Nigeria<\/b><\/p>

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>

Sikiru Usman , Ibrahim Oreagba , Olalekan Agede , Awodele Olufunsho, Chioma Ejekam , Akinwunmi\u00a0Akinyede , Titilope Adeyemo , Oluranti Opanuga , Sunday Olayemi and Sulaimon Akanmu<\/span><\/p>

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1\u00a0Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B.<\/span><\/p>

12003, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

2\u00a0AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>

3\u00a0Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003,\u00a0<\/span>Idiaraba, Lagos, Nigeria<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

4\u00a0National Pharmacovigilance Centre, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control,<\/span><\/p>

Abuja, Nigeria.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Corresponding Author: Usman Sikiru Olatunji<\/p>

E-mail: sikiruusman2004@yahoo.com Phone: +2347066263713<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Background:<\/b> Antiretroviral drugs have proven efficacy in reducing viral load to undetectable plasma levels.\u00a0Although, adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs may cause death, prolongation of hospitalization, non-<\/span>adherence and treatment failure in HIV infected persons; they are not fully documented in Nigeria. It is\u00a0<\/span>therefore necessary to evaluate adverse reactions of patients to antiretroviral drugs in Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>

Objectives<\/b>: This study aimed to document the adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in HIV-positive\u00a0patients, assess their severity causality and identify the risk factors for the development of the ADRs.<\/span><\/p>

Methods:<\/b> With the aid of data capture form and interview, information about ADR was obtained prospectively\u00a0from 51 new patients eligible to commence ARV for a period of 3 months. The retrospective arm made use of <\/span>information extracted from the case notes of 137 ARV-experienced patients selected using a web-based\u00a0<\/span>random method from June 2009 \u2013 July 2010).<\/span><\/p>

Results:<\/b> Dizziness (17.40%) was the most frequently reported adverse event in both arms of the study followed\u00a0by body weakness (11.85%), anemia (11.11%), rash (9.63%), pruritus (9.63%), nausea and vomiting (7.41%)\u00a0<\/span>and fatigue (7.41%). Majority of suspected ADRs were mild (76.5%) while only few were severe (3.9%). Female\u00a0<\/span>+ 3\u00a0<\/span>gender (p=0.0010), CD4 cells count below 200 cells\/mm (p=0.0005) and antiretroviral drug combination of\u00a0<\/span>Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (p=0.0099) were significantly associated with the development of ADRs\u00a0<\/span>to ARVs.<\/span><\/p>

Conclusion:<\/b> The most common adverse event to antiretroviral drugs in this study was dizziness followed by\u00a0body weakness, anaemia, skin rash, body itching, lipodystrophy, nausea and vomiting. Most of the ADRs were\u00a0<\/span>+ mild and their development was significantly associated with female gender, CD4 cells count below 200<\/span>3\u00a0<\/span>cells\/mm and antiretroviral drug combination of Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords:Adverse Drug Reactions, Antiretroviral therapy, HIV Patients<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload <\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs in patients receiving therapy in a Federal teaching\u00a0hospital Southwest Nigeria \u00a0 Sikiru Usman , Ibrahim Oreagba , Olalekan Agede , Awodele Olufunsho, Chioma Ejekam , Akinwunmi\u00a0Akinyede , Titilope Adeyemo , Oluranti Opanuga , Sunday Olayemi and Sulaimon Akanmu \u00a0 1\u00a0Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5119"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5119"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5125,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5119\/revisions\/5125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wapcpharm.org\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}