Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on renal function of HIV-infected under-fives in Southern Nigeria
Olugbenga M. Ajulo , Kayode M. Omole , Olanrewaju J. Moody , Regina Oladokun , Ofonime T. Dixon-Umo
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo. AkwaIbom State. Nigeria.
2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Oyo State. Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Oyo State. Nigeria.
4Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Oyo State. Nigeria.
5Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine ,University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo. Akwa-Ibom State. Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: Olugbenga M. Ajulo
E-mail: ajugbeng@gmail.com Phone: +2347030262468
ABSTRACT
Background: Toxicities from antiretrovirals caused clinically-relevant organ damage.
Objective: Study aimed at monitoring effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on kidney of HIV-infected under-fives in Southern Nigeria.
Methods: In Southern Nigeria, 238 under-fives were recruited. Institutional approval and written consent were obtained. Group A consisted of 91 HIV-infected children on HAART. Group B1 consisted of 24 HIV-exposed infants born to breast feeding HIV-mothers on HAART, who received nevirapine for first 6-week of life. Group B2 (18) and B3 (48) consisted of HIV-exposed children on co-trimoxazole at age 6-month and 18- month respectively. Group C consisted of 11 HIV-infected children on co-trimoxazole. Group D consisted of 46 seronegative children. A 2ml blood was collected from each participant during first phase of the study and ® was analysed for creatinine using Randox kits. Group A returned for second and third phase of the study after 3 and 6 months respectively. Data was analysed by using ANOVA. 2
Results: Creatinine clearance was highest in group A (102.6±82.9ml/min/1.732m ) suggesting normal renal function. Second phase, creatinine clearance of group A was reduced by 8.7% (p>0.05). Third phase, creatinine clearance was reduced by 25.4% (p<0.05) suggesting reduced renal function.
Conclusion: HAART was significantly associated with reduced renal function among HIV-infected under-fives in Southern Nigeria.
Keywords: Under-five HIV children; kidney; creatinine; creatinine clearance; HAART.