Detection of beta-lactamase production among Gram-negative bacteria isolated from semen of male patients with bacteriospermia
Olumuyiwa S. Alabi and Adepeju K. Olowookere
1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2Department of Medical Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Corresponding author: Olumuyiwa S. Alabi
E-mail: os.alabi.ui@gmail.com Phone: +23408034740434
ABSTRACT
Background: Bacteriospermia, a condition characterized by the presence of bacteria in male ejaculate may influence male infertility. However, presence of bacteria exhibiting resistance to extended-spectrum antibiotics could be a serious challenge to the treatment of bacteriospermia.
Objectives: This study examined semen of patients for bacteriospermia and screened for the presence of common beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria isolated, in two teaching hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria.
Methods: Semen samples were collected by masturbation after abstinence for 3 days among 182 male patients attending fertility clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital and Bowen University Teaching Hospital between February 2015 and February 2016. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was by disc-diffusion, beta-lactamase detection by double-disc synergy test and Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Results: Bacteriospermia was observed in 26.4% of the patients (age range 21 and 60 years). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Entetrobacterspp. and Proteusspp. were isolated. Resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime was observed in 87.5%, 62.5%, 45.8%, 41.7%, 37.5%, 37.5% and 27.1% of the isolates respectively. Resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin was 8.3%, 41.7%, 43.8% and 54.2% respectively. MDR was exhibited by 68.8%. ESBL, AmpC and MBL was produced by 31.3%, 22.9% and 14.6% respectively, with 3(6.3%) co-producing all. blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected but AmpC and MBL genes were not. Sequencing revealed blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-Six of the eight bla positive strains lost the gene to mutagenic treatment. 1 CTX-M-15
Conclusion: High level of MDR bacteria including those producing beta-lactamases in this study calls for caution in the antibiotic treatment of bacteriospermia.
Keywords: Bacteriospermia, Antibiotic susceptibility, Beta-lactamase, semen